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Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2001) - Spratly Islands (2001)

Compare Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2001) z Spratly Islands (2001)

 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2001)Spratly Islands (2001)
 Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)Spratly Islands
Administrative divisions none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) -
Age structure 0-14 years:
NA%

15-64 years:
NA%

65 years and over:
NA%		 -
Agriculture - products fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products -
Airports 5 (2000 est.) 4 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)		 total:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
3

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)		 total:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Area total:
12,173 sq km

land:
12,173 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands		 total:
less than 5 sq km

land:
less than 5 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km of the central South China Sea
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Connecticut NA
Background Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982. Rich fishing grounds and the potential for gas and oil deposits have caused this archipelago to be claimed in its entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. All five parties have occupied certain islands or reefs, and occasional clashes have occurred between Chinese and Vietnamese naval forces
Birth rate NA births/1,000 population -
Budget revenues:
$66.2 million

expenditures:
$67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.)		 -
Capital Stanley -
Climate cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate tropical
Coastline 1,288 km 926 km
Constitution 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998 -
Country name conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)		 conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Spratly Islands
Currency Falkland pound (FKP) -
Death rate NA deaths/1,000 population -
Debt - external $NA -
Dependency status overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) -
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) -
Disputes - international claimed by Argentina all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands, but has not publicly claimed the island; in 2000, China joined ASEAN discussions towards creating a South China Sea "code of conduct" - a non-legally binding confidence building measure
Economic aid - recipient $1.7 million (1995) -
Economy - overview The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. To encourage tourism, the Falkland Islands Development Corporation has built three lodges for visitors attracted by the abundant wildlife and trout fishing. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored, and there are no reliable estimates of potential reserves; commercial exploitation has yet to be developed.
Electricity - consumption 11.2 million kWh (1999) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production 12 million kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Mount Usborne 705 m		 lowest point:
South China Sea 0 m

highest point:
unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m
Environment - current issues NA NA
Ethnic groups British -
Exchange rates Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.6764 (January 2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997), 0.6403 (1996); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound -
Executive branch chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)

head of government:
Governor Donald LAMONT (since NA May 1999); Chief Executive A. M. GURR (since NA); Financial Secretary D. F. HOWATT (since NA)

cabinet:
Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch		 -
Exports $7.6 million (1995) -
Exports - commodities wool, hides, meat -
Exports - partners UK, Japan, Chile, NZ -
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March -
Flag description blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms in a white disk centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT -
GDP purchasing power parity - $52 million (FY95/96 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $19,000 (FY95/96 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 1% (FY95/96 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 51 45 S, 59 00 W 8 38 N, 111 55 E
Geography - note deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs
Highways total:
440 km

paved:
50 km

unpaved:
390 km		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%		 -
Imports $24.7 million (1995) -
Imports - commodities fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing -
Imports - partners UK, Japan, Chile, NZ -
Independence none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) -
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries wool and fish processing; sale of stamps and coins -
Infant mortality rate NA deaths/1,000 live births -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.6% (1998) -
International organization participation ICFTU -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 2 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km 0 sq km (1993)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions) -
Labor force 1,100 (est.) -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing) -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
99%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
1% (1993 est.)		 arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
100%
Languages English -
Legal system English common law -
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms) presided over by the governor

elections:
last held 9 October 1997 (next to be held NA October 2001)

election results:
percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population:
NA years

male:
NA years

female:
NA years		 -
Location Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines
Map references South America Southeast Asia
Maritime claims continental shelf:
200 NM

exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM		 NA
Merchant marine none (2000 est.) -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the UK Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs, of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam
Military branches British Forces Falkland Islands (includes Army, Royal Air Force, Royal Navy, and Royal Marines), Police Force -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $NA -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA% -
National holiday Liberation Day, 14 June (1982) -
Nationality noun:
Falkland Islander(s)

adjective:
Falkland Island		 -
Natural hazards strong winds persist throughout the year typhoons; serious maritime hazard because of numerous reefs and shoals
Natural resources fish, wildlife fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential
Net migration rate NA migrant(s)/1,000 population -
Political parties and leaders none; all independents -
Political pressure groups and leaders none -
Population 2,895 (July 2001 est.) no indigenous inhabitants

note:
there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 2.43% (2001 est.) -
Ports and harbors Stanley none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998) -
Radios 1,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment:
NA

domestic:
government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries		 -
Telephones - main lines in use NA -
Telephones - mobile cellular NA -
Television broadcast stations 2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service) (1997) -
Terrain rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains flat
Total fertility rate NA children born/woman -
Unemployment rate full employment; labor shortage -
Waterways none none
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